Note at Matthew 16:1-3 - The saying today is, "Red sky at morning, sailor take warning. Red sky at night, sailor's delight." Is due to atmospheric pressure.
Matthew 16:4 - See note at Matthew 12:38-40.
Matthew 16:4 - "A wicked and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign."
A perfect description of the Corinthian church seeking after the sign gifts; and of the Charismatic confusion of today.
Note at Matthew 16:12 - "Leaven" used here of bad doctrine, as in Galatians 5:9. "Leaven" used in I Corinthians 5 of bad conduct. Like "Death in the pot," II Kings 4:38 ff.
Matthew 16:15 - He saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am?
Same question He asks of you and me today. And He expects the same answer.
Matthew 16:16-17 - And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven.
Important cross ref: I Corinthians 12:3.
"Flesh and blood hath not revealed..." We can know Him today just as well as those who walked with, saw, handled, heard Him (I John 1). The Holy Spirit still bears Him the same witness.
Matthew 16:21 - From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised again the third day.
Note, the Kingdom of Heaven was preached from 4:17 till now. The Gospel of His death, burial and resurrection preached from here on, after the Kingdom was ultimately rejected by Israel. See note at 4:17.
Matthew 16:28 - Verily I say unto you, There be some standing here, which shall not taste of death, till they see the Son of man coming in his kingdom.
Don't let the chapter break divide the context. This fulfilled in Matthew 17 according to Peter in II Peter 1:16-18.
VM
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